Patient Education

What is a Frozen Shoulder? Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) is characterized by diffuse pain and lack of motion of the shoulder. Patients often describe the inability to sleep on the affected shoulder. Generally, adhesive capsulitis affects individuals from 40 to 70 years old. Females are also more likely to be…

The Normal Glenohumeral Joint The normal glenohumeral joint consists of multiple bones, tendons, and ligaments structures that work together to form the most mobile joint in the body. Multidirectional Glenohumeral Joint Instability Multidirectional instability (MDI) is a common condition affecting the shoulder joint. It may be a bilateral occurrence and…

The Normal Rotator Cuff The rotator cuff consists of four muscles: the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. Generally, the supraspinatus muscle is located superiorly, the infraspinatus and teres minor are located posteriorly, while the subscapularis muscle is anterior in position. In 95% of rotator cuff tears, the supraspinatus tendon…

An Education Guide to Help Understand Injury to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Dr. Mannarino provides this guide for patients to learn and understand the nature of their injury. We hope this will be helpful as you make decisions regarding your knee. The Normal ACL The major role of the ACL…